Application of passive defense principles and approaches in urban planning with emphasizing land use ( Case Study Ramsar )

In this investigation, it was tried to identify major requirements of Ramsar city concerning passive and civil defense and to propose necessary strategies via evaluation of principles and methods of passive defense in preparation of civil plans especially from land use perspective. The objective of the present study was urban planning using passive defense principles and approaches in Ramsar, determining land use condition in civil planning according to passive defense, proposing strategies for enhanced physical sustainable safety and reduction of vulnerable fields. Ramsar is portioned in to three regions and nine districts; region 1 includes two districts, region 2 includes four districts and region 3 is composed of three districts so that studied area covers 1821.19ha. The present study is a descriptive-analytical with practical nature. Data were analyzed using Excel software. Results showed that passive defense has been often neglected in civil plans of Ramsar and the city is indeed vulnerable to natural and manmade risks. It is necessary that passive defense plans be set for Ramsar by experts of architecture, geography and civil planning as supplementary for comprehensive plans, so that Ramsar city be in full readiness for encountering natural and manmade threats and citizens’ safety be supplied in the context of a comprehensive and mandatory plan in direction of mapping efforts and civil security rules.